As the demand for critical minerals surges worldwide—driven by the green energy transition, high-tech industries, and defense needs—Greenland has emerged as a key battleground in the global race to secure these valuable resources. Rich in rare earth elements, lithium, cobalt, and other essential minerals, Greenland’s vast, largely untapped deposits offer strategic advantages to countries and companies vying for supply chain security.
The island’s unique Arctic location presents both opportunities and challenges. Melting ice due to climate change is opening access to mineral-rich areas previously unreachable, but environmental concerns and indigenous rights add layers of complexity to mining projects.
Governments, particularly from Europe, North America, and China, are intensifying diplomatic and commercial efforts in Greenland to establish mining operations or secure partnerships. For Greenland itself, the development of its mineral wealth represents a chance for economic growth and greater autonomy, though balancing ecological preservation remains a critical issue. 
As global competition heats up, Greenland stands at the forefront of a new era in resource geopolitics, shaping the future of critical mineral supply chains essential for the world’s technological and energy ambitions.
